This EMBO Workshop will unite experts in molecular and cellular immunology, virology, microbiology, and cell signaling to discuss cutting-edge discoveries in antimicrobial defense. Building on the success of three previous highly rated meetings, the 2026 edition will continue fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange among leading scientists. Participants from diverse career stages and scientific backgrounds will have the opportunity to present their work in formats that encourage scientific exchange and collaboration. Dedicated sessions that incorporate multiple formats and venues will encourage networking among early career scientists, established experts, and journal editors. Through interdisciplinary discussions and presentations, this EMBO Workshop aims to deepen our understanding of immune mechanisms and inspire new research directions in the field.